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What is PFOS?

Sept. 27, 2026

PFOS, a widespread industrial ‘forever chemical’, weakens the body’s ability to fight viral infections, a study has found recently.

About PFOS:

  • PFOS (Perfluorooctane Sulfonate or Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid) is a synthetic chemical used to make products resistant to stains, grease, soil, and water.
  • It is an organic perfluorinated compound, consisting of an eight-carbon backbone and a sulfonate functional group.
  • It is part of a class of chemicals called per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs).
    • PFAS, also known as the Forever Chemicals, are a large chemical family of over 10,000 highly persistent chemicals that don’t occur in nature.
  • PFOS is very stable in the environment and hard to break down. PFOS also moves easily through groundwater.
  • PFOS is of particular concern because it can accumulate up the food chain in aquatic systems and can lead to high concentrations in predatory fish consumed by anglers.
  • It can cause serious health effects, including cancer, endocrine disruption, accelerated puberty, liver and immune system damage, and thyroid changes.
  • When and how has PFOS been used?
    • Starting in the 1940s, PFOS was used in many consumer and industrial products, including carpets, rugs, upholstered furniture, non-stick cookware, and leather products.
    • PFOS has also been present in some firefighting foams used at airports, firefighter training facilities, and military airfields.
  • PFOS is listed under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), subject to international restrictions and exemptions.

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