Key Facts about Tonga

Aug. 17, 2025

Recently, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2 jolted the Tonga Islands Region.

About Tonga:

  • It is a sovereign country in Polynesia, composed of an archipelago of 169 islands located in the South Pacific Ocean.
  • Neighbouring countries include Fiji to the west, Cook Islands to the east and Samoa north.
  • These islands are divided into three main groups: Tongatapu in the south, Ha‘apai in the center, and Vava‘u in the north.
  • The western islands (making up the Tongan Volcanic Arch) are all of volcanic origin; the eastern islands are nonvolcanic and are composed of coral limestone and sand
  • It features flat terrain with limestone and coral formations.
  • Terrain: Mostly flat islands with limestone bedrock formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic rock.
  • Highest Point: The highest point in this region is Kao Island in the Haʻapai group.
  • Tonga is a member of the Commonwealth Clean Ocean Allianceand Marine Protected Areas Action Groups.
  • Capital City: The capital city of Tonga is Nukuʻalofa, situated on the northern shore of Tongatapu Island. 

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