It shares a sole land border with Saudi Arabia to the south and is surrounded by the Persian Gulf on all other sides.
The Gulf of Bahrain separates Qatar from the Kingdom of Bahrain.
Doha is its capital and largest city.
Languages: Arabic is the official and English is the common language in the country.
Official Currency: Riyal (QAR)
Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani family since 1868.
It was a British protectorate from 1916 and became fully independent in 1971.
Landscape:
The landscape of Qatar is primarily flat and barren desert.
Sand dunes dominate the southern part of the country, especially in the area known as the Khor al Adaid, or the “Inland Sea”.
To the north and west, the terrain turns slightly rockier and features low-rising limestone formations.
Qatar has wadis, which are valleys that remain dry except during the rainy season when they can briefly turn into rivers.
One of the most distinct geographical features of Qatar is its salt flats or sabkhas. They form as a result of the country's high evaporation rates, which leave behind salt deposits.
It includes a number of islands in the coastal waters of the peninsula. Hawar Archipelago, Halul and Al Bashiria are the most well known among these.
Ethnic Groups:
Qatar was originally settled by Bedouin nomads from the central part of the Arabian Peninsula.
Qatari citizens, however, constitute only a small portion—roughly one-ninth—of the total population
Economic growth beginning in the 1970s created an economy dependent on foreign workers—mostly from Pakistan, India, and Iran—who now far outnumber nationals.
Few Qataris retain a nomadic lifestyle.
Economy:
The Qatari economy is, to a very large extent, dependent on income derived from the exploitation of oil, natural gas and subsidiary industry, which accounts for more than 90 percent of annual exports.
It has the third largest reserves of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the world.
Doha, the capital city, is a regional financial hub, home to various international banks, financial institutions, and investment firms.
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