About Galapagos Archipelago:
- Location: It is situated in the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of Ecuador.
- It is distributed on either side of the Equator.
- Terrain
- The Archipelago is a group of islands
- Repeated volcanic eruptions helped to form the rugged mountain landscape of the Galápagos Islands.
- Islands: It is very young with the largest, and youngest islands, Isabela and Fernandina, with less than one million years of existence, and the oldest islands, Española and San Cristóbal, somewhere between three to five million years.
- Highest Point: Mount Azul
- Climate: It is characterized by low rainfall, low humidity, and relatively low air and water temperatures.
- It is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1978.
- Biodiversity: It include the giant Galápagos tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra), the marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus), the flightless cormorant (Phalacrocoraz harrisi), and the Galápagos penguin.
- The Galápagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) is the only penguin species to live in the Northern Hemisphere.
