About Atlas Moth:

• It is a massive saturniid moth native to tropical and subtropical rainforest regions of Southeast Asia.
• Scientific Name: Attacus atlas
• Distribution: It is widely distributed in Southeast Asia, including in Nepal, northeastern India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, southeastern China, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Taiwan.
• Habitat:
  • It is primarily found in tropical and subtropical rainforests.
  • They are cultivated in some areas for their silk called fagara, which is rough and woolly.
• Features:
  • It is one of the largest moths in the world, with a wingspan of over 9.8 inches.
  • Their wingspans are also amongst the largest, reaching over 25 cm (10 in).
  • Females are slightly larger than males.
  • The wings of an atlas moth are a beautiful mix of brown, orange, white, and pink colors.
  • They have clear, triangle-shaped "windows" on each wing. These windows look like they are made of glass.
  • Like other moths in the family Saturniidae, adults do not have working mouthparts and only live for a few days to a week.
  • Atlas moths lives only 14-18 days.

About Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary:

• It is located in the Meerut District of Uttar Pradesh.
• Established in 1986, it lies alongside the northern tip of the River Ganga, flowing through the districts of Muzaffarnagar and Bijnor.
• It is situated near the mediaeval town of Hastinapur, which is of cultural importance.
• It is spread across an area of 2073 sq.km.
• It is made up of a variety of environments, including marshes, grasslands, woodlands, and riverine ecosystems.
• The Ganges River and its tributaries flow through the sanctuary, contributing to its rich biodiversity.
• Vegetation: The vegetation can be classified into tall wet grasslands, dry short grasslands, scrubs, and plantations.
• Flora: Dominated by Sal (Shorea robusta), Sheesham (Dalbergia sissoo), Khair (Acacia catechu), and Jamun (Syzygium cumini) trees.
• Fauna:
  • It is home to the state animal, the Swamp Deer (Barasingha), as well as Hog Deer, Cheetal, Sambar, and the State Bird, the Saaras (Crane).
  • It is a part of the “Asia Flyway” project, and many migratory birds, both local and foreign, flock in numbers near the numerous water bodies present in the region.
  • Under Crocodile Breeding Projects, baby crocodiles are released in the Ganga River near Hastinapur.
  • Under the aegis of the World Wide Fund (WWF), the Turtle Rehabilitation Program also has its centre near the Hastinapur Sanctuary.

About CLAMP Portal:

• The Coal Land Acquisition, Management, and Payment (CLAMP) portal is a unified digital solution.
• It is aimed at streamlining land acquisition, compensation, and rehabilitation & resettlement (R&R) processes in the coal sector.
• It serves as a centralized repository of land records, the portal ensures data integration, enhances accountability, and minimizes procedural delays.
• Initiative of: Ministry of Coal
• Advantages: CLAMP portal enhances transparency, efficiency, and inter-agency coordination in land management practices across coal PSUs.

Key Facts about Koyla Shakti Dashboard

• It is a digital platform that integrates the entire coal value chain from mine to market on a unified interface.
• Features: The platform facilitates real-time coordination among coal companies, railways, ports, and end users, thereby enhancing operational efficiency and ensuring seamless coal logistics.
• The platform acts as a comprehensive decision-support system, ensuring:
  • Seamless coordination among coal companies, railways, ports, and end users.
  • Transparency and accountability through data-driven monitoring.
  • Faster, smarter decision-making enabled by live analytics and digital dashboards.

About East Asia Summit:

• It is the premier Leaders-led forum for dialogue and cooperation on strategic, political, and economic issues of mutual interest and concern in the East Asia region.
• It was established in 2005 with the convening of the 1st Summit in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
• Member countries: ASEAN Member States (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam), Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, and the Republic of Korea, United States and Russia.
• To become a member of the EAS, countries must:
  • Sign the ASEAN Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC)
  • Be a formal dialogue partner of ASEAN
  • Have substantive cooperative relations with ASEAN
• Six priority areas of regional cooperation within the framework of the EAS
  • Environment and Energy,
  • Education,
  • Finance,
  • Global Health Issues and Pandemic Diseases,
  • Natural Disaster Management, and
  • ASEAN Connectivity.

About Hemiphyllodactylus Venkatadri:

• It is a new species of slender Gecko belonging to the genus Hemiphyllodactylus.
• It was discovered from Tirumala hill ranges within the Seshachalam biosphere reserve in Andhra Pradesh.
• It derives its name from the sacred Venkatadri Hills.
• It is the second slender gecko species recorded from Andhra Pradesh, after Hemiphyllodactylus arakuensis.
• Features of Hemiphyllodactylus Venkatadri
  • Venkatadri slender geckos are considered “small,” reaching just over 2 inches in length.
  • Their limbs are short, and they have “spurs” at the base of their tails.

Key Facts about Seshachalam biosphere reserve

• It is also known as Tirupati-Kadapa hills are one of the major landscapes of Eastern Ghats of Southern Andhra Pradesh.
• It was designated Biosphere Reserve in 2010.
• These ranges have typical gorges and gaps due to faulting and stream erosion resulting in discontinuous
• The highest hill peak is Tellaralla penta.
• It comprises famous sacred shrines collectively called as Tirumala hills are the abode of Lord Venkateswara or Balaji.

About Transit Oriented Development:

• It is an urban development strategy which aims to create the maximum possible numbers of houses, shops, offices and recreational spaces near public transport facilities.
• The TOD approach puts public transportation at the centre of the urban development plan.
• Objectives: To minimise use of personal vehicles, make commutes shorter, and reduce the cost of transport and exposure to pollutants.
• Principles of Transit Oriented Development
  • Transit Hub: Neighbourhoods built around a TOD strategy are built around at least one major transit node such as a metro station or other rail systems.
  • Multi-modal integration: Transfers between different modes of transport, such as switching from a metro to a city bus, should be a seamless process.
    • TOD hubs should also have open public spaces such as transit plazas and parks to increase street activity and foster a sense of community.
  • Pedestrian Friendly: These localities must also be friendly to pedestrians and cyclists, since one of the major thrusts of this approach is to take vehicles off the road.
  • Dense Mixed Use: TOD localities should be mixed-use, so that people can live, work, and relax within a small radius.
• Advantages of Transit Oriented Development:
  • To transportation agencies, it offers an additional source of non-ticket revenue.
  • For land-owning agencies and governments it appears as a mode of value-capture financing, which allows them to fund public projects through potential increases in land values resulting from these projects.

About Samriddh Gram Phygital Services Pilot Project:

• It is aimed at transforming rural India through a seamless integration of physical and digital services.
• It is a pioneering phygital (physical + digital) Services model integrating on-ground presence with robust digital infrastructure to empower rural citizens.
• It leverages BharatNet connectivity to deliver essential services seamlessly and sustainably.
• Features of Samriddh Gram Phygital Services Pilot Project:
  • Under this initiative three villages have been identified namely, Ari & Umri in Madhya Pradesh, Narakoduru in Andhra Pradesh, and Chaurawala in Uttar Pradesh.
  • Each village will host a Samriddhi Kendra which will serve as an integrated digital service hub.
  • The Samriddhi Kendras will deliver a comprehensive suite of services:
    • Education & Skilling: Smart classrooms, AR/VR-based learning, and digital skilling aligned with government schemes/initiatives.
    • Agriculture: IoT-based soil testing, drone support, and smart irrigation systems.
    • Healthcare: Teleconsultations, Health ATMs, and emergency care.
    • e-Governance: Assisted access to citizen services, documentation, and grievance redressal.
    • E-Commerce: Integration with ONDC and digital marketplaces for local entrepreneurship.
    • Financial Inclusion: Digital banking and payments
    • Connectivity Backbone: Strengthened BharatNet FTTH with a Village Area Network and public Wi-Fi hotspots.

About Indi Limes:

• Indi Lime is cultivated primarily in Vijayapura district of Karnataka.
• It has received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag.
• Features: It is known for its superior quality, zesty aroma, high juice yield and balanced acidity.
• It has distinctive flavour and geographical uniqueness make it a hallmark of the region’s agricultural excellence.
• Uses: Along with its culinary applications, the lime is also valued in traditional medicine and cultural practices.

About Puliyankudi Lime

• It is extensive lime cultivated in Puliyankudi, often referred to as the “Lemon City of Tamil Nadu,”
• Features of Puliyankudi Lime: The Puliyankudi Lime, particularly the Kadayam variety, is characterised by its thin peel, strong acidity, high ascorbic acid content (34.3 mg/100g) and juice percentage of around 55%. It is rich in vitamin C and antioxidants.
• Health Benefits: It supports immunity and digestion while offering exceptional flavour and quality.
• It has officially received Geographical Indication (GI) tag in April 2025.

Key Facts about Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority

• It was established by the Government of India under the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority Act passed by the Parliament in December, 1985.
• Objective: To develop and promote the export of scheduled products.
• Nodal Ministry: It works under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
• Headquarters: New Delhi.

About AmazonFACE Project:

• It is a field experiment that exposes mature tropical trees to projected future CO2 concentrations in an old-growth Amazon forest stand located near Manaus, Brazil. 
• This is the first experiment in a natural forest of this size in the tropics.
• Technology: The project uses Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) technology to increase understanding of the functioning of the world's largest tropical forest in light of climate change.
• How it works?
  • Six rings of steel towers loom above the jungle canopy, each surrounding groups of 50 to 70 mature trees.
  • Scientists will fumigate trees in three of the rings with carbon dioxide at levels simulating climate forecasts for coming decades, while the rest serve as control samples.
  • Sensors record the forest’s response to changing conditions like absorption of carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapor release in response to rain, storms and sunshine every 10 minutes.
• Supported by: The project is supported by Brazil’s federal government and the United Kingdom.

About Model Youth Gram Sabha:

• It is a simulated forum for School Children to participate in mock Gram Sabha sessions.
• It is a pioneering initiative to strengthen Janbhagidari and promote participatory local governance by engaging students in simulated Gram Sabha sessions.
  • It is an initiative based on the Model UN – an educational simulation of the United Nations – in schools across the country
• Initiative of: It is an initiative of the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, in collaboration with Ministry of Education and Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
• Implementation: It will be rolled out across more than 1,000 schools nationwide, including Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas, Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRSs), and State Government Schools.
• Key Features of Model Youth Gram Sabha
  • Students from classes 9-12 will play the roles of sarpanch, ward members, and village-level officials, including village secretary, Anganwadi worker etc.
  • They will hold mock meetings of the Gram Sabha, discuss various issues, and prepare the village budget and development plans.
  • The Panchayati Raj Ministry will also provide a support of Rs 20,000 to each school for holding the mock Gram Sabha.