Answer

Terrorism is the use of violence or the threat of violence, typically targeting civilians or non-combatants, for political, religious, or ideological purposes. As per Global Terrorism Index (GTI) 2023, attacks are more deadly with 26% more people dying in each incident – the first rise in lethality in five years. The recent Hamas attack in Israel serves as a notable example of this trend.

As far as India is concerned, India ranks 13th on GTI 2023 and was among the 25 worst terror-hit countries.

Reasons for spread of terrorism in India 

• Religious and Communal Tensions: India's diverse religious and communal landscape has at times led to conflicts and acts of terrorism, with tensions between different religious and ethnic groups contributing to the issue.
• For ex: 2002 Gujarat riots and the 1993 Bombay bombings.
• Ethnic and Separatist Movements: Several regions in India have witnessed ethnic or separatist movements seeking autonomy or independence, often resorting to terrorism to advance their objectives
• For ex: The conflict in Jammu and Kashmir, driven by demands for autonomy and independence, has given rise to various militant groups, including Hizbul Mujahideen and Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT).
• Radicalization and Recruitment: The radicalization of individuals, often via the internet and social media, has played a role in the spread of terrorism in India. Some individuals have been influenced to join international terrorist organizations.
• For ex: Cases of radicalization and recruitment through social media and online platforms have been reported, with individuals from India joining international terrorist organizations like ISIS.
• Geopolitical Factors: India's geopolitical relations with neighboring countries, such as Pakistan and China, have had security implications and have been exploited by terrorist organizations for their agendas
• Proximity to Conflict Zones: India shares borders with countries that have experienced conflict, such as Pakistan and Afghanistan. This geographical proximity can lead to the infiltration of militant groups and the spread of terrorist activities.

Methods to Curb Terrorism

• Strengthening Intelligence Agencies: Enhance the capabilities of intelligence agencies like the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) and the Intelligence Bureau (IB) to gather actionable intelligence on terrorist activities. Continuously train and equip law enforcement agencies and security personnel to deal with evolving terrorist threats and technologies.
• For ex: The Multi-Agency Centre (MAC) and the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) play key roles.

• Legislative Measures: Enforce and strengthen existing anti-terrorism laws, such as the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). Also review and update these laws as needed.

• Cybersecurity: Establish specialized cybercrime units to monitor online activities and track potential threats. Monitor social media and online platforms for signs of radicalization and recruitment.
• For ex: Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) prevents misuse of cyberspace for furthering the cause of extremist and terrorist groups

• Financial Measures: Strengthen financial intelligence units to track and disrupt the financing of terrorist organizations.Freeze the assets of individuals and entities linked to terrorism.
• For ex: Financial Intelligence Unit-India (FIU-IND) plays a crucial role in identifying and preventing the flow of funds to terrorist organizations.
• Border Security and Coastal Defense: Enhance coastal security to prevent infiltration and smuggling of arms and explosives. Improve technology and infrastructure along borders to prevent unauthorized entry.

Therefore, curbing the menace of terrorism is an urgent and complex challenge that demands a multi-faceted approach. While security measures are crucial, addressing the root causes of terrorism, fostering international cooperation, and promoting social and economic development in regions prone to extremism are equally essential. It is through a combination of proactive strategies, intelligence-sharing, diplomacy, and global solidarity that we can hope to create a safer world where the scourge of terrorism is diminished, allowing peace, tolerance, and prosperity to prevail.