Answer: Suburbanization refers to the process of population growth and economic development spreading from urban areas to suburban areas. Suburbanization has been a growing trend in Indian cities, with more and more people moving away from the congested urban centers in search of more affordable and spacious housing options. The process of suburbanization in India has been driven by a combination of factors, including rapid population growth, economic development, and improved transportation infrastructure.

•       Growth of suburban areas: New housing complexes and townships springing up on the outskirts of cities lead to growth of suburban areas. This has led to a significant increase in the urban footprint of cities, as well as the creation of new urban centers in suburban areas.
•       Better and affordable living: Suburbanization offers many benefits to people who choose to live in suburban areas, such as larger homes, more space, and lower costs of living compared to urban areas.
•       Ease of living: Suburban areas also tend to have better schools, lower crime rates, and a stronger sense of community.
•       Use of technology: Technological advancements in transportation and communication have made it easier for people to live farther away from urban centers while still being connected.

•       Transportation challenges: Many suburban areas are poorly connected to urban centers, which makes it difficult for people to access employment opportunities and other essential services.
•       Environmental concerns: The conversion of agricultural land and green spaces into housing complexes leading to the loss of biodiversity and wildlife habitats. This has also contributed to increased air pollution and carbon emissions from transportation.
•       Social challenges: Creation of gated communities and exclusionary housing developments has contributed to increased socio-economic segregation. The lack of diversity and cultural amenities in suburban areas can be a deterrent for some people.
•       Infrastructure challenges: Suburbanization areas lack adequate infrastructure including water supply, sanitation, and healthcare facilities.

Suburban areas will continue to grow, and their challenges require a multi-pronged approach that involves improving transportation connectivity, promoting sustainable development, and investing in infrastructure and social welfare programmes. Whereas urban areas are also likely to evolve in response to changing economic, social, and environmental pressures. For example, some cities are focusing on sustainable urban planning (the "smart cities mission), which involves densifying urban areas, promoting public transit, and creating green spaces to mitigate the negative impacts of urbanisation.