Answer: 

Poverty can be defined as a state of deprivation, characterized by a lack of access to basic resources and services necessary for an adequate standard of living. Poverty in India is not solely characterized by a lack of money, as it is also influenced by social and political exclusion. 

Social factors which lead to poverty: 

• Social exclusion exacerbates poverty: Social exclusion can also manifest as discrimination, stigmatization, and marginalization, which can further exacerbate poverty. 
• For instance, discrimination based on factors such as caste, religion, and gender can limit opportunities for social and economic mobility.  
• Limited access to education: Children from poor families often lack access to quality education due to financial and social constraints. 
• This results in a lack of skills and knowledge, which can further limit their employment opportunities and earning potential. 
• Limited access to healthcare: Lack of access to healthcare due to financial constraints and limited availability of healthcare facilities in rural areas. 
• This can result in poor health outcomes and a further cycle of poverty. 
• Limited access to basic infrastructure: Poor communities in India often lack access to basic infrastructure such as clean water, sanitation facilities, and electricity. 
• This can result in poor living conditions and limited opportunities for economic and social mobility. 

Political factors which lead to poverty:  

• Lack of political representation: Poor communities often lack political representation, resulting in policies that do not address their needs. 
• This can further perpetuate poverty and social exclusion. 
• Limited access to information and decision-making led to policy formulation and implementation in silos which results in poor outcomes. 
• Limited or no access to the political process: poor people are often excluded from voting or are unable to participate in the political process due to their lack of education or social status. 
• This exclusion makes it difficult for them to advocate for their rights and access to resources. 
• Political exclusion: It can also contribute to the perpetuation of poverty, as policies and decisions made by those in power may not be representative of the needs and interests of those living in poverty. 

Thus, poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon that encompasses social and political exclusion. Tackling poverty requires addressing these various dimensions and creating an environment where individuals can participate fully in social and political life. This can be achieved through measures such as providing access to education, healthcare, and affordable housing, creating an inclusive political system, and combating discrimination and stigma.