Answer: Sustainable agriculture can be defined in many ways, but ultimately it seeks to sustain farmers, resources and communities by promoting farming practices and methods that are profitable, environmentally sound and good for communities. Sustainable agriculture fits into and complements modern agriculture.

• Precision agriculture: Precision agriculture uses technology like GPS, sensors, and drones to monitor crops, soil, and weather conditions. This helps farmers optimize the use of resources, minimize waste, and reduce the environmental impact of agriculture.
• Crop breeding: Advances in biotechnology and genetic engineering have enabled the development of crops that are more resistant to pests and diseases, require less water, and can withstand extreme weather conditions.
• For example, GM crops like Bt-cotton have reduced the need for chemical pesticides, leading to lower environmental pollution.
• Vertical farming: Vertical farming is a sustainable agriculture practice that uses technology to grow crops in a controlled environment, using less water and land than traditional farming methods.
• Smart irrigation systems: Smart irrigation systems use technology like sensors and weather data to optimize irrigation and reduce water waste. This can help conserve water resources and reduce the environmental impact of agriculture.
• Integrated pest management: Integrated pest management is an approach to pest control that uses a combination of methods, including biological controls, cultural practices, and chemical controls. Technology can help farmers implement integrated pest management practices more effectively and efficiently
• For example, pheromone traps and digital monitoring systems can provide real-time data on pest populations, enabling targeted and timely interventions.
• Livestock management technology: Livestock management technology can help farmers improve the health and welfare of their animals, reduce waste, and increase productivity
• For example, the Government has launched the Kamdhenu App to provide information on livestock management.
• Renewable energy: Solar and wind power can help farmers reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and reduce the carbon footprint of agriculture.
• For example, farmers can install solar panels to generate clean energy for powering farm operations.

Most of the farmers in India are small and marginal, and they are not able to use these technologies due to a lack of skill, awareness, and poverty. The government has launched different schemes like PMKSY to improve water use efficiency, Sub-Mission on farm mechanization to promote farm mechanization, etc., which can help address these issues. This can help India to tackle food security issues along with achieving the goal of doubling the farmers' income.