About Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In):

• It is the national nodal agency for responding to computer security incidents as and when they occur.
• It is a functional organisation of the Ministry of Information & Electronics Technology, Government of India.
• Objective: Securing Indian cyberspace.
• CERT-In has been operational since 2004.
• The constituency of CERT-In is the Indian cyber community.
• CERT-In has been designated under Section 70B of the Information Technology Act, 2000, to serve as the national agency to perform the following functions in the area of cyber security:
  • Collection, analysis, and dissemination of information on cyber incidents.
  • Forecasts and alerts of cybersecurity incidents.
  • Emergency measures for handling cybersecurity incidents.
  • Coordination of cyber incident response
  • Issue guidelines, advisories, vulnerability notes, and white papers relating to information security practices, procedures, prevention, response, and reporting of cyber incidents.
  • Such other functions relating to cyber security as may be prescribed.
• To perform these functions, CERT-In is empowered to call for information and issue directions to service providers, intermediaries, data centres, body corporates, and any other person.
• CERT-In provides services to organizations in the Government, Public, and Private sectors. In addition, CERT-In provides services to individuals and home users as well.
• CERT-In collaborates with international counterparts to share information regarding emerging threats, vulnerabilities, and malware.
• CERT-In creates awareness on security issues through dissemination of information on its website (https://www.cert-in.org.in) and operates a 24x7 incidence response help desk.
• Disclosure of information will be followed in accordance with Indian Constitutional laws.
• To ensure effective governance, a Review Committee oversees CERT-In’s operations. This committee includes but is not limited to representatives from various government ministries, such as:
  • Ministry of Law and Justice
  • Department of Telecommunications
  • Ministry of Home Affairs
  • Group Coordinator for Cyber Law and e-Security
• The committee meets regularly to assess CERT-In’s performance and provide strategic direction.

About Satcom Industry Association of India (SIA-India):

• The SIA-India is a non-profit body representing India’s space and satellite sector.
• Its members include satellite operators, manufacturers, startups, academia, and legal firms, working to shape policy and promote global collaboration.

About Pangong Lake:

• Pangong Lake, also known as Pangong Tso, is an endorheic (hydrologically landlocked) lake in the
• It is situated in eastern Ladakh, extending into the China (Tibet region).
• It derives its name from the Tibetan word, “Pangong Tso”, which means “high grassland lake”.
• It is one of the world’s highest brackish water lakes, situated at a height of 4350 meters.
• It is famed for its colour changing water, from blue to red and green.
• During winter, the lake freezes completely, despite being saline water.
• The lake is also a breeding ground for different types of birds during the summer
• Bar-headed geese, Brahminy ducks, black-necked cranes and seagulls are commonly spotted here.
• It is not part of the Indus River basin area and is geographically a separate landlocked river basin.
• It is in disputed territory. The Line of Actual Control (LAC) passes through the lake.